Choose college

Why did you choose to enroll In college and pursue your particular program of study? I decided to return to college to pursue my career as a dental assistant and have an improvement in my education. It seemed to be a step closer to achieving my professional and personal goals. Another reason was that I wanted to have a better education than Just a high school diploma. My ultimate goal is to be a provider and role model for my daughter Isabella.My next goal is to be dependent and to help my family financially. I know that when I finish my career I will have many more Job opportunities that I have now. My main reason for wanting to go to college is that I wanted to have a better life. I wasted a lot of time without studying anything, it was time for a major change. Not only made the decision to return to college for myself but also for my daughter Isabella, she deserves a better life. I'm tired of living paycheck to paycheck, Just making the minimum.Not everyone can go to college to de ter themselves, I am fortunate to have this opportunity to be a better person. Another reason why I decided to study in college is because my recent experience of finding a good Job, they only take seriously people, who have a college degree. I do not want to be working in restaurants as a waitress or other similar work, and barely having enough money to help my family financially. Getting my degree in Dental Assistant would greatly help to get a Job that I really like and have the desire to go every day.This decision to return to college was the best decision I have made in all time. I know it's a hard worktop achieve my goal, but with dedication I'll make it. So far, I like college. At the end of everything really will be worth it and I will become the person who I want to be. Choose college By Julia Why did you choose to enroll in college and pursue your particular program of study? But also for my daughter Isabella, she deserves a better life. I'm tired of living time. I know it 's a hard work to achieve my goal, but with dedication I'll make it. So

Power of Communication Essay

Communication is the basic human need to share meanings and express ideas and thoughts and that can be achieved by the exchange of information between the society members. The process of communication is defined by the technology available, culture and protocols of communication. Political scientists are interested in political communication through studying the interaction communication between the political system and the political process generally and they confirmed the importance of the fundamental relationship between them, they called for re-examination and analysis of political science based on communication theories. Politics is difficult to be found without communication because there must be a link between the public and the ruling elite (decision makers), and this applies to the political system too. Citizens must be able to communicate their wishes and demands to the government, and the government should be able to communicate its decisions to citizens and justify them to win their satisfaction. Political parties and politicians needs huge public support, Where it can be said that political communication is the most important means of communication that must be followed by a party in order to gain such support. It is well known that the objective of any party is to access power or participate in it and this cannot be reached without large public support. This political communication can take various forms depends on the technology available such as press, radio, television and digital networked media. The political communication is the proper way of any party members to open dialogue with the masses of the people for establish the doctrine of their party to them, and gain popular support for the policy and programs of the party, where they listen to note of the public towards some situations and impressions towards it, and the members of the party again, during their partisan meetings to discuss the various social and economic problems in the community, and that need solutions, ranging proposals of different party members to fixing these problems through the hierarchical organization of the party until it reaches the level of leadership and integrate in the various party programs. thereby ensuring this party kind of interaction with he public surrounding it, so that lead the response to the wishes and requirements of the public in the general policy of the party, to achieve a great deal of compatibility between the party and street folk, and this goes back to the party with a grea t benefit in elections times, When the public find the investigator to them ambitions and expectations, and This causes at normal conditions for arrival (the party with compatibility larger with the popular will) to rule the country. Communication was and will continue to be the most important activity in human life through interacts with others to express ideas, needs and feelings and dreams, and has expressed their personality, culture and freedom and the idea of an activity that can be embodied the meaning of human dignity and values. So this make this activity one of the most activities accountable of various standards, pressures and the laws that are on the whole a fundamental question about the nature of the relationship between the media and the ethics and other aspects of human life. Communication science benefited and interact with all the of Sciences and knowledge, humanitarian, technical data and the science explain to us at this time to what affect the means of mass communication in the minds of the people and what is the size of this effect and how it is affecting. No one can deny the importance of these theories of communication that formed the communication science which had experimented in communities that adopted and tried to apply. The communication tools play an important role in political life, whether internal or the outside, not only political professionals are attach importance to their communication strategy, but governed also gaining most of their information through the communication tools. The means of mass communication possesses the characteristics and capabilities of multiple distinct from those when its counterparts from groups or opinion leaders, are in any case means mass communication addresses the daily huge cross sections of the population with one voice. The means of communication and media are necessary and important to make effectively communication links and interactions are always open between the ruler and the governed. Definitely, mass communication has evolved technically accompanied by the technological development happened to human societies in all fields, in ancient societies (Greek and Roman society), political community was limited and number of citizens who can be covered by ruling messages was known, so it was direct speeches and forums in public places established in open air r in the theaters of the city that was one of the most forms of political communication, so it was politicians highly dependent on rhetoric and the ability to inference to convince they governed, This free space for debate and political communication that helped to create direct democracy known as the Athenian democracy, But with the development of human societies and the expansion of political activity field appearance regimes of modern political became not possible to rely solely on speeches and seminars, which includes a limited number of citizens, but became necessary to find a communication to spread and includes a wide segment of the public. (Karl W. Deutsch, 2006) Literature Review: Denis McQuail, 2010 â€Å"Seen these arguments written, visual and audio as a tool of direct democracy, and as a court of public opinion open day and night put the law for everything all the time, not a substitute for institutions, but such ray of light detector that keeps moving here and there, revealing always talking about the depths of darkness† Jacques Gerstle, 2004 â€Å"One of the basic properties of the twentieth century is the communication tools revolution, and the appearance the community of communication. We saw the appearance of new techniques for political communication, these techniques that contributed in dissemination and sharing the information, ideas and communities in conditions limited time and across a wide geographical. † Since the advent of printing, which contributed historically in the advancement of the theory and practice of democracy through journalism written is the court of public opinion, as well as with the emergence of radio, which was the most important means of communication used in the second world war propaganda by politicians, through well television, which affects more than other means of mass communication. Various categories divergent public and geographically, does not follow some of the obstacles faced by other means such as the written press such as distribution problems and an individual’s ability to read all the way to satellites to broadcast dimensional networks of electronic communication global movement of information and ideas and comply with the limits of regional and geographical, with the development of all these means and which was called some people name new technologies for information and communication find that the process of political communication has evolved is also no longer this process takes place using the means of communication like a traditional speech, for example. Gabriel A. Almond, 2004 â€Å"That everything in politics is communication, system of communication is one of the main channels for the flow of information from the elite to the masses and also to transfer the problems of the masses and their aspirations and their perceptions to the elite. † Robert Wiener, David Jerison, I. Isadore Manuel Singer, Daniel W.  Strook, 1997 â€Å"If we realized politics is system so communication system is the nerve that controls the system, and the system’s ability to exercise command and control linked to its ability to deal with the information, so that communication and control are two synonymous of same meaning, every time we call we also control. † Karl W. Deutsch, William J. Foltz, 2010 â€Å"The nerves of government political Communication and Control† â€Å"is proposed similar political regime system Cyber zonular, describes the relationship between the political system and its surroundings under shape or environment Cyber zonular, which imagined that communication as a system of decisions based on the flood of diverse information, and is communication and media the most important issues in political science, and confirms it is wrong to neglecting or underestimation the role of other changes. † Dr.  Schwatzenberg, 1990 â€Å"Political communication is the path that moves the political information one part to another parts of the political regime and between this system and the social system, it is path continuously to exchange of information between individuals and groups at all levels, It is especially the exchange of information between rulers and ruled that will ensure the agreement between them, each governor seeks to accepting his decisions, and all governed trying to structured and their needs are taken in the consideration, and compatibility and harmonization be realized only through the communication and through exchange. † Harold Dwight Lasswell, Peter de Leon, 2009 â€Å"Political community like the pyramid, where rulers are elite at the top of the pyramid and the masses of people at the base, and between them there experts and specialists in the middle between the top and the base, and being communication processes on the basis that each nation have political ystem specific consists of elite, They are responsible for the decision and supervision on the state’s economic resources and human resources, to achieve the goals and programs of the State, the ruling elite and using tools of communication specialized experts believing they are the ones those can be in the process of communication between the elite and controlled groups, and staff working in this area have their role in attracting public attention to social issues. † Alvin Toffler, 1984 â€Å"That there is a relationship substantially between communication process and the political process, if the world of politics is based on power, the desires of those who have power must be transmitted to the expect they will respond to it, and if the world of politics is based on the legitimacy of the highest authority, the matter requires a means by which based the symbolic expression of values and procedural standards for such systems, and if the world of politics based on participation, this means finding channels transporting the interests and demands of the citizens to decision makers. † Kenneth E. Boulding. 989 â€Å"The political process, such as the decision-making process, it is also a test of the roles of power in society, and in response to the images Stereotypes formed by political means of communication in society, The means of communication change of images Stereotypes of individuals, and political behavior based on images Stereotypes. † Theories and Models of Communication (Difference Job Title and convergence of concept and function) Studies in Communication Sciences provided us science of communication in the framework is not clear in terms of mixing in some of the concepts and nomenclature may be the reason in that transfers of these sciences at the hands of a Type is not specialized and qualified in the field of media and communication. So still confusion exists between science communication and science media and between theories and models in communication process but after multiple studies in the field of media, communication and development study of media and communications at universities and institutes in the third world and after a significant increase in who have advanced degrees in media from Western universities appeared a new generation of communication scholars provided us this real science in its context where they ruled for differentiating between the media and science communication and science and have sacrificed the relationship between them, and provided us both models and theories on the units and they ruled for differentiating among them.

Kentucky Fried Chicken Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Kentucky Fried Chicken - Case Study Example Lastly, this discourse recommends the ideologies for improvising the organization's marketing efforts that can prove to be a share of positive assistance to its future. Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation, as discussed above, is the world's largest chain of chicken restaurants and is one of the paramount havens for fast-food round the globe. It is the most successful operator in United States as it has made significant ways to maintain its gradation in the international market. KFC offers a whole new variety of fried chicken products as it conjoins both stores as owned by the corporate and the franchise outlets. In response to the call for healthier cuisines from the consumers, the company has recently initiated with involvement in grilled chicken that has gathered enormous response. KFC is at present, owned by PepsiCo, which is also the owner of the Taco Bell fast-food operation. PepsiCo has installed its own management group on senior posts, whereas, the previous owners of KFC such as Heublein permitted senior managers to stay because of KFC's minor existence and familiarity to the world market. This correlation between KFC and PepsiCo has enabled both the brands to endorse their products with a strong financial background assisting to drive the expansion that is the way to prosperity. Marketing Environment Though many countries of the world are new to franchising as a method of expanding business, KFC has enjoyed success through its stores as owned by the corporate. It has been successful in expanding its operations in the foreign markets by out-stripping the fast-food industry as a whole. KFC has learned to develop and introduce new products as it has efficaciously utilized the opportunities that have come its way so far. Since, introduction of new products are the key to a company's prosperity, KFC has proved its metal in the international field as well. For several decades, where other fast-food corporations have recently introduced the expansion of their businesses in to the international market, KFC has witnessed its participation as a successful multi-national corporation. This has led to efficient familiarity with all the logistical and attribute complications as faced by the organizations which, in anyway, accompany to its operation as an international food functioning. It has, therefore, depicted its successful operations with host countries and businesses within the host country in order to establish an effectual strategy to work (LotsOfEssays.com). KFC has experienced success in availing enormous marketing opportunities in the US because of the recent relaxation of rules and regulations that could have hindered the American companies to conduct business. Though, franchising still needs to make a place within the world market, it is no longer a foreign concept to

Kant, Fundamental Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kant, Fundamental Principles - Essay Example Because if the will behind these things are bad, so will the actions be bad. Intelligence can be used to create things which help the world or which harm it. Courage can be good in the fact of danger or it can exercised without moderation and result in more danger. A person acts out of moral duty if the only reason he commits is the act is out of recognition that he has a moral duty. Moral duty requires understanding the value of the morality of an act. It is good will that that is the motivation for duty and nothing else. 3. A maxim is a subjective principle, e.g., I keep promises, and Kant claims that actions derive their moral worth from the maxims behind the actions. Another way to put this might be that the goodness of an action is based on the why the action was performed. Give an example of the same action being performed by two different people, e.g., giving money to charity, and explain how the second person's action can be morally superior to the first person's action. Example 2: A person is being held hostage in a house by an escaped convict when the police knock on the door. Because they believe the convict's story that he was unfairly convicted and therefore innocent, the person refuses to answer the door. Even if one is under the most difficult of circumstances, Kant disallows the notion of universalizing such a concept. Although the invidual lie could be willed, applying it universally would be incoherent in the sense that it would turn every promise into a false, empty promise. 5. Write a brief essay in which you describe a biomedical scenario, identify a moral question arising from it, and resolve the question by applying the categorical imperative to the scenario. You must state the categorical imperative in your essay. A recent real-life scenario brought to the forefront an analysis of Kantian ethics in the biomedical field. During the ravages of Hurricane Katrina several elderly people housed in a nursing home were left to the ethical considerations of doctors and nurses. Lines of communication with family members of patients were non-existent, power supplies were down and nutrition delivery severely compromised. In addition, the lack of an adequate response from the government left medical personnel with the distinct impression that they could be caring for these patients for several days, if not weeks, before help arrived. Faced the horror of allowing these patients to suffer needlessly for who knew how long or to allow them to die peacefully in their sleep, an ethical dilemma was definitely being presented to them. Kant's categorical imperative impels us to act "according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it would become a universal law." In other words, if the doctors and nurses under these circumstances chose to enact mercy

Consumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consumption - Essay Example If 50% of the group said they liked it and the other 50% were undecided the company if anything would just make the fish flavored soda a special one time a year specialty. I think products drive consumer behavior because if one is a faithful buyer they will tend to go out their way or spend a little more money to get what they want. If they are really dedicated to the point of no return they will search out times, dates, and even locations of their favorite products. This behavior has even driven some people to over stock and go into debt as a product collector. Which brings us back to my first point that without the consumer there is no product. A marketer should put a lot of decision on his market research findings because this is what lets him know if his product is good or not. It's his or her window to world in a way, it lets them know whether their product is marketable weather it should be a certain price and who exactly is buying their products so they know how to market it. Every now and again you have a company that will take a long shot chance and sometimes they do good and sometimes they do horrible but the companies that use the research findings are most protected it's their umbrella in the customer rain storm. The other factors that should be taken into account are emplo

Cyber Bullying Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cyber Bullying - Research Paper Example With the rapid advances in technology, however, bullying evolved into a form of harassment that can be perpetuated anytime and anywhere. Specifically, the use of the Internet and mobile technologies has enabled many bullies to harass their victims even when they are at home or sleeping. Unfortunately, authorities seemed to be caught off-guard when cases of bullying online reportedly caused several suicides across America recently. This highlighted how it has become imperative to solve this issue immediately because the degree of harm of cyberbullying is clearly pervasive and fatal today. To underscore the severity of this issue, there are already several research findings that found the prevalence of the problem. For instance, a survey conducted by I-Safe America found that 37 percent of middle school students admitted to being bullied or threatened online. (Shore 2006, p. 19) Pew Internet and American Life Project supported this with their report that one in three online teens has e xperienced online harassment. (The Colorado Trust 2008) The statistics established the numbers that should alarm responsible authorities. The issue is no longer some figment of imagination or opinion of alarmists that needed to be substantiated. The facts are already there for everyone to see. The implication of the above trend is that youngsters are no longer safe from bullies. The perpetrators only need a computer, Internet access or a cellphone in order terrorize hapless victims. This is aggravated by the fact that bullying acts can be done anonymously. Almost anyone can invade someone else's life and ruin it at a click of the mouse, enabling bullies to be more vicious and consistent with their attacks. According to Shore, this is demonstrated in two ways: first, there is the argument that bullies can strike out at others with the knowledge that they will not be caught; and, secondly, â€Å"by being removed from their targets and thus not seeing the impact of their actions, cybe rbullies can delude themselves into thinking they have not really hurt anybody† effectively taking away their ability to feel empathy or remorse for their victims. (p. 20) It is easy to understand, hence, how helpless victims find it difficult not only to escape the kind of torture due to the sheer pervasiveness of the Internet and the huge number of its users but also to bear the stress of online attacks against their persons for its sheer viciousness and intensity. In the past face-to-face bullying has been difficult to quantify because victims are hesitant to report them. The case has been complicated by technology further. The anonymity that technology provides bullies has made it extra difficult for its detection. This development is already a main contributor to the growing number of suicides as evidenced by the case of Tyler Clementi, who jumped off a bridge after his sexual encounter was streamed over the web by his dormmates for everyone to see. Unfortunately, this po sting of hurtful content is just one of the many types that could significantly cause harm to young minds. Maggio listed numerous ways by which cyberbullies can attack their victims using technology. The most serious of these include the posting of abusive content against victims such as threatening and embarrassing messages that are easily accessed by

Fanshawe Gate Farm Vegetation Monitoring Strategy Essay

Fanshawe Gate Farm Vegetation Monitoring Strategy - Essay Example A phase one survey has been undertaken and information obtained from this will be useful to understand the current conditions of fields 2 and 6 and provide a context to carry out a phase 2 survey and a National Vegetation Classification (NVC). To successfully survey the two fields, technical and scientific approaches should be used to achieve all the needed objectives (JNCC 2010). The process starts by defining the objectives, devising a strategy o help achieve the set objectives. Once the strategy is put together, it should be tested by implementing it. The final step is to review and finalize the strategy. Legal requirements should also be maintained throughout the process to ensure the analysis and strategy is standard and as should be. Monitoring Strategy Objectives of the survey To know what type of vegetation is found in the fields. To establish the type of soil in the fields and what vegetation would do best in the given fields. To have a clear picture of the situation in the fields: climate and all To come up with ways to help improve the fields. Increase the diversity of grassland Have more unimproved grassland Analysis or Survey of fields 2 and 6 The fields have areas with tall ruderal vegetation with certain areas characterized by thistles (cirsium ssp). The vegetation in the fields also includes nettles (Urtica dioica). Generally, the fields have semi-improved grassland. This vegetations tends to change across the two fields (some patches have tall grass while others have short grass, others are bare while others have grass, especially under trees). Besides the grass, the waxcap fungi, (Hygrocybe spp) was formed part of the vegetation in the fields. The fungi is an indicator of unimproved grassland in both fields. However, some slight differences were found in field 6. In field 6, marshy grassland was evidenced around the area where a small stream ran. This changed and the vegetation became a bit scarce where the ground rose above the water table. I n areas where the land was sloping, the vegetation cover was constituted by acid grassland, some scrub and Hygrobe calyptiformis. Monitoring Strategy A) Field 2 According to the survey, field 2 was established to have a sloping topography 2 with semi improved grassland and some species of unimproved grassland (Hydrocybe caliptiformis). The unimproved grassland was found in the lower down part of the slope in the field. To attest this, samples would be taken from across the whole field. The samples would help determine if the grassland was becoming more unimproved as one moves further down the slope. To measure the variation in plant species along the sloppy part of the field, quadrants could be studied in two parallel belt transects. The field would be split into quadrants on both belts, from where samples would be taken. To have reliable results, the belts will be divided into 25 quadrants where each will be 0.5 by o.5 m. This is highly recommended so as to get a reliable frequency of the unimproved indicator species of vegetation. All quadrants will be studied. The study would help prove right or wrong the hypothesis for the analysis that towards the bottom of the slope, the species of unimproved grassland increased. Some changes will be carried in the way the field was managed. The expected result of this is a gradual increase

Murder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Murder - Essay Example The novel starts with him dispatching a priest who had killed orphaned children. He is aware of his being inhuman, but he has grown in himself qualities which is human-like to conceal who and what he truly is. He can be very charming but there is no sincerity behind it. Dexter cannot control his desire; when the full moon is out, he is compelled by his passion to kill, urged by a hidden force he calls his Dark Passenger. He takes pleasure in his killings, obtaining delight from a perfectly executed murder, gradually filleting his victims when they are still breathing, no traces of blood after, but he leaves one drop of blood from his victims in order for him to feel again the excitement of the murder He is one of the most likable vigilante serial killers, deals with his eventual opponent, a frightening evil which scares away Dexter's inner monster, and almost weakens his sense of humor. His job as Miami crime scene investigator, Dexter is familiarized with observing evil acts specifically in some instances, wherein he is more willing to commit them himself. He was A horrible double homicide at a university campus changes everything for Dexter as he is called to the crime scene wherein Dexter should usually investigate with delight. But this crime scene, wherein two co-eds were burned ceremonially and beheaded, gives even the human vivisection, mysteriously vanishes the voice of the Dark Passenger inside Dexter's head. The burned and beheaded corpse count persists to increase, and Dexter recognizes that the power behind the killings is incredibly even more evil than his Dark Passenger. Dexter Dark Passenger senses something familiar, something absolutely frightening, and the Passenger, the mastermind of Dexter's homicidal ability, instantly disappear. Similarly disturbing, Dexter starts to understand that a touch of a very dark force is reaching out to him. (Lindsay 2004) Matt Fowler kills for revenge, as he suffers tremendously because of his son's, Frank, murder. The victim's murder was so distressing to his parents that Matt's heart was dying to kill his son's killer, Richard Strout. The endless imagination of Frank's murder destroyed Matt and his wife Ruth, until they carried out their vengeance on Strout and comforted their emotions. At the same time, the crime also reflects through the mind of Matt Fowler, how Strout loved ones would die inside by his murder. In this particular spot, it is portrayed that the emotions of families died on the deaths of their loved ones. At the back of Matt's mind, he presumes that Strout will only serve some years in prison and be given probation and he does not agree that he can deal with it if that will happen. Ruth suffers the idea of seeing Strout all over places and can not face the truth that Strout is out on bail after murdering her son Frank. Matt then was overpowered with the killing of his son and chooses to take action. Matt, from his own perspective, has no other option but to kill as his wife 3 is emotionally manipulating him into taking drastic action and in their mind, they will never achieve peace unless they take a desperate act of closure. Richard murders

Explorer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Explorer - Essay Example Little did we know that this peculiar personality of his could be a problem solver and even a life-saver. This happened when we went hiking. We used to do an overnight hiking and do camp outs in the forest. We already know the routine of what to bring during a camping. The tent, blankets, insect repeller, even first aid kit were almost always ready for us to bring as a logistical support. For food, we bring ready to open canned goods because of its convenience. Except this once instance where one of my brilliant cousin did the grocery and chose to buy canned goods which does not have the automatic opener (the protruding level like thing that we just have to pull to open the can). Now we are the camping site, miles away from home and in a middle of a night, starving and we are presented with a problem: how can we eat our canned goods when there is no opener. No one also brought a can opener because we are used to the idea that canned goods has its own opener. It was a problem solving situation. Our uncle threw the problem to us for us to find a solution. The solutions that were presented ranged from anecdotal to ridiculous to irritating. A cousin proposed that we skip the dinner for the night as a means to fast. I was hungry and so are other cousins so nobody agreed with his idea. Another bright idea from a cousin who could put us all in danger was putting the canned goods in fire hoping that the heat inside will open the can itself. We are worried however that it might explode or we might just render the food inedible by setting the can on fire. Another idea that was suggested was to smash the can so that it will open. For sure it will open only that we also cannot eat its contents. Until Jim made his typical smirk which we already know he is into something. He brought out his fork and put it on the lid of the canned good (it was spam, I think). Then Mark get it, he immediately jump out of seat and used

The Importance of Literacy Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Literacy Essay Try and imagine our society without a common language. This could be quite a hard idea to fathom. Allow me to assist you. If this hypothetical idea were in fact true, a typical conversation between two individuals would be as follows: one of the two would begin the conversation by making noises representing their language, the other person would not understand these noises and respond with unrecognizable noises to the first individual. As you can well imagine, this would get quite frustrating. Rita Mae Brown describes literacy as, a social contract, an agreed upon representation of certain symbols (420). If the symbols (letters) meanings are not agreed upon by those attempting to communicate, then interpreting one another becomes difficult. Simply stated, literacy is very important. Society has proven time and time again, it will reward those individuals who are competent and impede those who are not, whether expressed in terms of employment opportunities (job success) or just on a social level. One need look no further than their everyday activities in order to realize how important literary skills are. Without adequate literary skills one may not be able to identify on a label the correct amount of medicine to give a child, or read and interpret a sign giving instructions on what to do in case of a fire. These two examples bring perspective to literacys importance. Nevertheless, recent surveys have indicated that, 4. 5 million Canadians, representing 24 percent of the eighteen-and-over group, can be considered illiterate (Adult Illiteracy 5). Illiteracy is truly a problem within Canada. Although many groups are working to render the problem of illiteracy, much work still lies ahead. As our society moves on into the next century literacy is proving vital to economic performance. Without basic literary skills in ones possession they will become lost in our rapidly changing society. The modern worker must be able to adapt to the changing job-scene. This often means gathering new skills and knowledge from printed material, whether instruction manuals, computer programs, or classroom training (text books). It is quite commonly the case that highly skilled jobs require a high level of literacy. Therefore, literary skill level is an important factor in predicting an individuals economic success. It will affect an individuals income, their employment stability and whether they even receive employment opportunities. Presently, our world revolves around literacy. Simply being literate allows one to continuously upgrade ones literary skills to a higher level. It allows one to stay informed of happenings in and around the world through mediums such as newspapers and magazines. Knowing current news about what is going on in this ever changing world of ours is the key to staying ahead. Another thought to ponder is this, we rely on those with high literacy levels to record and document findings and happenings for future generations to reflect on. These writings would most likely be dull and inaccurate or would not exist at all without our current levels of literacy. When viewed from a social standpoint, literacy remains just as important as when viewed from the economic standpoint. Linda Macleod of the National Associations Active in Criminal Justice, points out that, 65 percent of people entering Canadian prisons for the first time have trouble reading and writing, low literacy is part of a constellation of problems that can limit choices in life and thus lead people to criminal activity (20). Somebody in possession of a high level of literacy will most likely be well informed and tend to make wiser decisions. By obtaining this level of literacy they have also gathered a large vocabulary giving them many words to choose from to express their ideas and feelings. Conversely, many would agree that a conversation with one who has a good grasp of the English language is always more delightful than with one who is less educated. Literacy can act as a window, opening ones view to the world. Presently, we are being bombarded with information, news, trivia and gossip (not that this is always a positive feature in our lives). Without sufficient literary skills one cannot even absorb any of this information. These people will miss out on many of lifes benefits, socially as well as economically. Without sufficient literary skills one would have a tremendously difficult time functioning in our current world. Think about your average day, consider how many times you refer to your literary skills to aid you, could you function without those skills? Finding an address, reading a map, reading a menu, performing a bank transaction, these are just a few common tasks that require your literary skills. Also, when looking at the importance of literacy to our nation, its value is evident. High levels of literacy throughout all sectors of Canadas workforce are necessary, low literacy levels of workers affect Canadas ability to perform in the increasingly competitive international marketplace (Literacy 7). Literary skills become building blocks. First creating a well- educated society, then a highly skilled labour force which can compete and adapt to the changing market. These factors lead to an increase in economic growth within the nation which in turn, results in a higher standard of living for its people. As our society moves forward into the future, a higher level of literacy will become more important to ones level of success. Where would our society be without our ability to exchange knowledge and information? How many times have you made a purchase that read on the outside instructions inside? You and I think nothing of this, and in a sense take our gift for granted. For many, deciphering written instructions is a near impossible task, asking for assistance does little more than to further lower their self esteem. Literacy is important. To truly seize the benefits possible in ones life it has to be accepted that literacy is the key. Society will continue to reward skilled individuals and disadvantage those who are not.

Perfect Competition And Its Characteristics Economics Essay

Perfect Competition And Its Characteristics Economics Essay Firstly, below there I will discuss about the chapter of monopoly, its definition, characteristics and its diagram. Monopoly have separated to four terms it is included one seller and large number of buyers, no close substitute, restriction of entry of new firms and the last is advertising. Monopoly has differentiated into two types of monopoly; it is included of natural monopoly and government-created monopoly. Natural monopoly means that one firm can provide the lowest cost compared to the other two or more firms that could not provide. Government create monopolies is to avoid firms that they want to entrance into a market. In my conclusion, it can let me deeply understanding and learning about what is monopoly. Monopolist is the price marker it is the only seller or producer in the market so that it has the own right and power to contain the price. I will be discussing perfect competition, monopolist competition, oligopoly and the last of monopoly and those of it characteristics in the market. What are the standard to be in those of the perfect and monopolist competition even through oligopoly and monopoly in the market? In my conclusion, I can deeply understand and learned about the fourth of containing perfect competition, monopolist competition, oligopoly and monopoly. Above on, those of the classes also have their own characteristics in the market. Content Page 1.0 Introduction Question 1 1.1 Answer Question 1 1.2 Monopoly and its characteristics 1.3 One seller and large number of buyers 1.4 No close substitution 1.5 Restriction of entry of new firms 1.6 Monopoly Diagram 1.7 Conclusion Question 1 2.0 Introduction Question 2 2.1 Answer Question 2 2.2 Perfect Competition and its characteristics 2.3 Large number of buyers and sellers 2.4 Homogenous or standardized product 2.5 Free of entry and exit 2.6 Role of non-price competition 2.7 Perfect knowledge of the market 2.8 Absence of transport cost 2.9 Monopolist Competition and its characteristics 2.10 Large number of seller and buyers 2.11 Product differentiation 2.12 Easy entry and exit 2.13 Non-price competition 2.14 Selling cost 2.15 Oligopoly and its characteristics 2.16 Few numbers of firms 2.17 Homogenous or differentiated product 2.18 Barriers to entry 2.19 Monopoly and its characteristics 2.20 One seller and large number of buyers 2.21 No close substitute 2.22 Restriction of entry of new firms 2.23 Conclusion Question 2 3.0 References 4.0 Appendices 1.0 Introduction Question 1 Firstly, below there I will discuss about the chapter of monopoly, its definition, characteristics and its diagram. Monopoly have separated to four terms it is included one seller and large number of buyers, no close substitute, restriction of entry of new firms and the last is advertising. Finally, Monopoly has differentiated into two types of monopoly; it is included of natural monopoly and government-created monopoly. Answer Question 1 Monopoly and its characteristics Monopoly is refers to a small firm or is the only producer and seller of a good that has no close substitute. Below here we will start to discuss about the monopoly characteristics. 1.3 One seller and large number of buyers Monopoly appearance or survive in the market when there is only seller of a product. Monopoly industry only firm in the business line to selling a product which has no similar substitute. So normally there is no discrepancy between a firm and an industry in monopoly because there is only one seller in the market. 1.4 No close substitute Monopoly industry would sell a goods or product which has no similar substitute. It means that consumers or buyers could not find any similar substitute for the product in the market. 1.5 Restriction of entry of new firms In a monopoly market, there are rigorous obstacles to the entrance of a new industry or a firm. Obstacles have entrance are physical and legal restraints that stint the entrance of new firms into the industry. A monopolist confronts no emulation because of obstacles of entrance. 1.6 Monopoly Diagram F:Sem3Micro assignmentmonopolyprofits1.gif Above on is the diagram of monopoly and I will explain about it below here. The profit maximizing output may be sold at Price P1 above the average cost AC at output Q1. The industry is producing unusual monopoly profits display by the yellow shaded area. The area of below ATC1 that displays the total cost of producing output Qm. Total cost amounts average overall cost multiplied by the output. 1.7 Conclusion Question 1 In my conclusion, it can let me deeply understanding and learning about what is monopoly. Monopoly in the market that is the only seller and has large number of buyers and selling the products that has no similar substitute and have a higher entrance and exit obstacle. Monopolist is the price marker it is the only seller or producer in the market so that it has the own right and power to contain the price. 2.0 Introduction Question 2 I will be discussing perfect competition, monopolist competition, oligopoly and the last of monopoly and those of it characteristics in the market. What are the standard to be in those of the perfect and monopolist competition even through oligopoly and monopoly in the market? I will also discussing those of its characteristics function and effect in the market. 2.1 Answer Question 2 2.2 Perfect Competition and its characteristics Perfect competition is referring to the market in which there are many buyers and sellers, the products are homogeneous and the sellers may readily join and leave from the market. 2.3 Large number of buyers and sellers The amount of a single seller sells in a market is so tiny emulated to the integrated industry. For examples, in an agricultural industry, there are thousands of duck producers in Thailand. Each industry producers have exclusive that containing a tiny of fraction of the overall agricultural firm. Even the industry increases its production; it also does not influence much on the entire firm, so that no one industry or seller can affect the price of the product in the market. 2.4 Homogenous or standardized product The consumers do not distinguish the products of one seller to another seller. For examples, the consumers cannot distinguish the duck sold in the industry A and industry B, so the industry cannot change distinct prices for the equally product in the market. 2.5 Free of entry and exit There is no restraint on enter into a new firms to the industry or leave the firms form the industry. For example, every industry who expect to open up a boutique can manipulate the business if he/ she has the essential elements of the production as the currently industry. Even if any industry worries about deficits it can exit the firm without any rules or restraints. 2.6 Role of non-price competition Selling cost are the expenses for expend to raise the sale of a product or raise the requirement for that product. For examples, we will not see any commercial in the mass media that broadcast about duck or floras specifically without any brand. 2.7 Perfect knowledge of the market Sellers and buyers also need to know the price of charged by others sellers in the market. For example, Phil has all of the information needed to grow Aloe vela. This is the similar information possessed by Becky, Dan, Alicia, and the other great number of aloe vela producers. Phil also knows that the going price of aloe vela is 50 cents. All of the aloe vela buyers know that the going price is fifty cents. 2.8 Absence of transport cost In perfect competition it is supposed that many companies task so occlude to each other that there are no any transport costs. 2.9 Monopolist Competition and its characteristics Monopolist competition is a market construction in which there are major numbers of small sellers betray distinguish products but there are occlude substitute products and it is liable join and leave from the market. Below here I would like to share about monopolist competition characteristics, and its have separate to five terms of specific. 2.10 Large number of seller and buyers In the monopolist competition market there are the major number of industries are retaining. For examples, by the shampoo firms, the prices for a 500ml shampoo scope among brands have included Sunsilk, Pantene, Loreal Professionals and other well industries. 2.11 Product differentiation Product differentiation it means the products of the firm is selling or producing that are deeply not similar. For example, if the foods are sold in open skin, then the fruits are in perfect competition market. But if the same fruits are packaged in a box and labeled as Health fruits, then this product is in monopolistic competition. 2.12 Easy entry and exit Any new industry that would join in an industry must find certain discrimination with the existing brands. For example, if Sunsilk shampoo wants to join into the shampoo firm, this industry must find certain distinct in terminology of diathesis, smell, model or labeling in order to be monopolistic competition. 2.13 Non-price competition Classes of non-price competition fulfills in monopolist competition market are included commercials, promotion, rebates, free gifts, after sales services and many others. For example, the opponent industries contend with each other through commercial by which they alter the buyers wants for their products and fascinate more buyers. 2.14 Selling cost Selling cost can be referring to expenses produce to fascinate buyers towards a special brand. For example, by these ways, the industry attempts to make a beneficial divert in requirement for the product and attempts to capture the market. 2.15 Oligopoly and its characteristics Oligopoly is a market construction in which there are exclusive a few industries selling either demarcated or distinguished products and it limits the entrance into the exit from the market. Oligopoly has a few of the characteristics and it will be discussed below the following. 2.16 Few numbers of firms Inside oligopoly the number of industries is small but size of the industries is large. For example, is premeditating oligopolistic if the top five industries produce half the firms overall yield. 2.17 Homogenous or differentiated product A product sold below oligopoly can be probably a homogeneous or a distinct product. For example, computer or household products implements produced by one firm are similar to another firm. Same as the petroleum sold by Malaysia is unanimous to the petroleum by Middle East countries like Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. 2.18 Barriers to entry These unusual characteristics also provide assists in distinguishing an oligopolistic market from a monopolistic market, if a new industry be able to join in a monopolistic market and decrease advantage of the large industry. For examples, as a new industry attempt the imaginary telecommunications market deliberated earlier it will have to contend against already subsisting brand names, install a creating unit without certain initial sales or revenue from the business and it will need to come over with innovative production skills to support it in the long run. 2.19 Monopoly and its characteristics Monopoly is refers to a small firm or is the only producer and seller of a good that has no close substitute. 2.20 One seller and large number of buyers Monopoly industry only firm in the business line to selling a product which has no similar substitute. So normally there is no discrepancy between a firm and an industry in monopoly because there is only one seller in the market. Monopolist is a price marker means that there is only a seller and producer and it has the own right and powerful to control over the price in the market. 2.21 No close substitute It means that consumers or buyers could not find any similar substitute for the product in the market. For examples, Indah water it is the only seller of provided consumers or buyers for their water resources in the daily life and it is no similar substitute in the market. 2.22 Restriction of entry of new firms In a monopoly market, there are rigorous obstacles to the entrance of a new industry or a firm. Obstacles have entrance are physical and legal restraints that stint the entrance of new firms into the industry. A monopolist confronts no emulation because of obstacles of entrance. Perfect competition and monopolist competition are distinct to each other in that they depict deeply distinct markets scripts that relate distinct in prices, standard of emulation, number of market players, and classes of products sold. The definition of monopoly is one firm in the marketplace selling a special product. An oligopoly is a small body of an industry includes the market for a unusual product. In the fact, there can be several, or especially many smaller contestants to a monopoly or an oligopoly, but monopolist or oligopoly also contains the extensive share of the market. For example, criterion oil duplicity drove new participants out of the market before its break up. 2.23 Conclusion Question 2 In my conclusion, I can deeply understand and learned about the fourth of containing perfect competition, monopolist competition, oligopoly and monopoly. Above on, those of the classes also have their own characteristics in the market.

The Truth about Cosmetic Surgery Essay -- Health Beauty Medicine

The Truth about Cosmetic Surgery Cosmetic surgery has become one of the most popular trends in America today. Whether you are reading a magazine, watching the news, or a television program, you are likely to see something about cosmetic surgery. Within the past year, there have been several television programs dedicated to people â€Å"bettering† themselves through body augmenting surgeries. Millions of people undergo risky surgery every year simply to improve or enhance a feature or body part. While the results may seem foolproof and glamorous, it is actually a very risky procedure. With the airing of shows such as â€Å"Extreme Makeover†, MTV’s â€Å"I Want a Famous Face†, and Fox’s show â€Å"The Swan†, cosmetic surgery has become a normal part of American life. With programs like these contributing to the overwhelming popularity of cosmetic surgery, the number of people having these surgeries has greatly increased. According the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, over 8.7 million cosmetic plastic surgery procedures were performed in 2003 (Procedural Statistics). This is an increase of 32 percent, up from around 6.6 million procedures performed in 2002. These numbers are simply cosmetic surgical procedures, people who have elected to have surgery to improve their features, and do not include reconstructive or necessary plastic surgery. Eighty-two percent of the people who have cosmetic surgery are women. The most popular procedures are nose-jobs, followed by liposuction, then breast augmentation, eyelid surgery, and finall y facelifts. Patients are also becoming younger. While the age group having the most surgeries is 35 to 50, 19 to 34 year olds now make up 26 percent of the group. The most popular surgery amongst this younger group ... ...ember that like everything else in life, it is in no way foolproof. Works Cited â€Å"Procedures at a Glance.† American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2004. http://www.plasticsurgery.org/public_education/procedures/Cosmetic PlasticSurgery.cfm> â€Å"Gel Bleed- Breast Augmentation Risk and Complication.† Just breast implants.com. 2001. http:// www.justbreastimplants.com/risks/gel_bleed.htm> â€Å"New Study Finds No Link Between Breast Implants and Immune-Related Disorder.† Imaginis.com. 3 April 2001. â€Å"Cosmetic Surgery and Procedures.† WebMD Health. 23 Sept 2004. http://my.webmd.com/hw/health_guide_atoz/aa64119.asp?z=4209_00000_8002_to_01 â€Å"Procedural Statistics Press Kit.† American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2004. http://www.plasticsurgery.org/news_room/Procedural-Statistics-Press-Kit-Index.cfm>

Different Strands of Feminism: Comparing Equal Rights Feminism, and Socialist Feminism :: Womens Studies

Different Strands of Feminism: Comparing Equal Rights Feminism, and Socialist Feminism With the developments going on in England during the 19th century, a new social class started to emerge, a middle class whose wealth came from land, trade, the professions, or industry. It was from this class that a great deal of the women working for the women's right movement emerged from in the 19th century, since they were the ones that experienced the deprivation of rights which men from this class had won. In 1897 in England the women's movement reunited in the National Union of Women's Suffrage Society, and from here on more women, from both the middle-class, and the working class began allying with the new Labor Party to advocate for the right os workers in general. However, the new reunited women's movement split again in 1906 when feminist lost patient after a deputation of 300 women meet with the prime minister to request the vote, and got instead an advice to be patient. From here on the English women's movement concentrated in winning the vote, but split into two r ival parties, the National Union of Women's Suffrage Society(NUWSS) led by Millicent Garrett Fawcett, and the Women's Social and Political Union(WSPU), led by Emmiline Goulden Pankhurst. Faweet took the prime minister, and peacefully, and patiently continued working to get the vote. She believed that the parliamentary democracy would eventually acknowledge women's right to the vote. So she dedicated to expand membership of NUWSS, to promote publically the demand for the vote, through speaking tours, and distribution of their journal, The Common Cause, and to lobby Liberal Politician to vote in favor of women's suffrage. They repudiated the use of violent tactics. Pankhurst on the other hand completely discarded the advice of the prime minster. She believed that of the vote was to be gain, then action had to be taken. Pankusrt actively spoke to gain the vote whenever a Liberal politician spoke. She participated in local and national suffrage demonstrations, at personal risk. WSPU follows this tactics, they disrupted meeting, organized demonstrations such as open-air rallies. In spite of all this government still did not act, so the WSPU turned to more violent ta ctic. They broke windows, poured liquid down mail boxes, cut telegraph wire, and curve "Votes for Women" in golf courses. They often encounter arrest, to which they responded with hunger strikes.

Research into the Mind of Serial Killers Essay -- Serial Killers Murde

The criminal homicide rate for the United States is currently at its lowest rate during the last forty years (6.3 per 100,000 people in 1998: Bureau of Justice Statistics); yet according to the media and entertainment fields, homicide is reaching epidemic proportions. Unfortunately these fields tend to exploit the concept of homicide in American society, rather than attempting to understand and control it. No where is this more prevalent than in the study of a small subset of criminal homicide referred to as serial murder. This area of serial homicide specifically refers to the murder of several victims by a single person, generally unknown to the victim, over a designated period of time. Serial murder and those who commit it have always been around but have only really come to national attention in the last thirty years. Since the 1970’s people have been fascinated with and horrified by serial murderers. Despite the enormous amount of coverage of serial killers by video and print media, television, and movies, relatively few sources of information about them exist and even less is known. The details of ones crimes tend to be sensationalized, making rationalization very difficult, but what is lost among the horror and gore are the motives and reasons that lead a person to do this. What causes a person to kill again and again? An attempt to explain, rationalize and predict has plagued law enforcement and medical personnel for a considerable amount of time. If law enforcement is to create proactive, rather than reactive, strategies to this type of criminal behavior then they must be able to understand why it happens. Unfortunately we still do not have a clear understanding for the motives of murder, thus making understanding serial murder that much more difficult. Coming to any definite conclusions or making any definitive statements is not currently possible, the best that experts can do is make broad generalizations and educated guesses. Current literature on the subject comes to a number of fairly educated (and a few non-educated) conclusions that help to explain serial murder. Only a relatively few studies have been done that include in-depth first hand interviews with the perpetrators of the crimes themselves. This analysis of past offenders has elicited several key behavioral and childhood similaritie s among this sub-group of homicide perpetrators i... ...cholars are simply posing the same questions that have always been asked and are not necessarily answering any of them. The reason for this, as is the belief of this author, is that questions are all we will ever have. Answers are not available regarding why, how and when in serial murder. As upsetting as it is to this researcher, actually admitting, especially to ourselves, that not being able to find an answer has to be the first step. Possibly moving the focus of a proactive strategy to the identification of victims and perpetrators, from troubled children, is our best bet for success. Focusing on identification rather than prediction should be looked at as the nest possible step. Being able to stop these killers very early instead of wasting money researching childhood behavior, which is obviously not currently working, needs to occur. The ultimate conclusion of this author is that we will never be able to fight this problem to extinction. As sad and unfortunate as it is, as long as there are people who desire to ultimately control others, this problem will persist. The more we understand about this, the more it becomes a reflection of society and the direction it is taking.

Why we shouldn’t support Walmart

Main Idea: The super giant retailer WalMart has a negative impact upon many aspects of society, both local and worldwide, and as a result the American people should not support WalMart. Introduction: Class: How many people shop at Walmart? (just want to get an idea) Walmart is extremely popular nowadays. They have a diverse group of customers. the retail giant features 180,000 square foot super centers that sell everything from tires to groceries. You can buy practically anything from walmart. â€Å"Always Low Prices† or â€Å"Save money and live better†, are a few of their advertising slogans. in reality though Walmart's pledge should be â€Å"Always Low Prices, Always Low Wages, Always Low Morals, and Always Low Ethics!†. Walmart is a mammoth corp that hauls off a stunning $220 Billion a year from its customers, resulting in a net profit of over 7 billion dollars a year for the company . The famous blue vests of associates and low prices are not only common symbols in the United States, but also in nine foreign countries around the world. tonight we're going to learn how Walmart forces small businesses out of business, sends jobs overseas to countries like China while abusing human rights, pay its associates poverty level wages and lastly i want to point out why we Americans should not support walmart. So first, let's talk about how walmart forces small businesses out of business. I. Walmart Forces Small Businesses Out Of Business. A. According to the LA Times, Shan Li quoted † When Walmart builds a store in town, it wipes out the economy of the town and forces small businesses out of buisness†. 1.The reason so many small businesses in the towns are negatively affected is that walmart has the freedom that most of these small businesses don't have, the freedom to buy items super cheap. 2. over and over again, when walmarts opens one of its stores in a city or town, within a short amount of time, two years or less, dozens of other businesses close their doors. a. A study conducted by Loyola University Chicago found that when a Walmart opens in a new market, median sales drop 40% at similar high-volume stores, 17% at supermarkets and 6% at drugstores. b. the State of Iowa for example, during a ten year period from 1983 to 1993, which was one of the first states Walmart expanded into during that time frame, they indirectly caused the closing of 555 grocery stores or supermarkets, 290 building supply stores, and roughly 250 clothing stores. c. Just imagine the impact if you multiply these types of number times the 30 some states walmart has now expanded into. now that we have learned how walmart pushes mom and paps shops out lets take a look at how walmart sends jobs, overseas. II. Sends Jobs Overseas A. Not only does walmart import 1.5 billion dollars worth of goods from china every year, but they also put an extreme amount of pressure on their suppliers to lower the cost of their goods, therefore driving those suppliers offshore in their efforts to lower the cost of production. 1. Many of these jobs are sent to China where the workers work for a fraction of what American workers' wages are. 2. Shockingly, according to the ________ it is estimated that, â€Å"Walmart out-sources as much as $4 billion dollars worth of goods a week overseas. B. When jobs are sent to countries like China, Walmart abuses their Human Rights. 1. As if it isn't bad enough that walmart is sending millions of american jobs overseas, but according to Charlie Kern of the National Labor Committee, â€Å"in country after country, factories that produce for walmart are the worst† in terms of human right abuses. He goes on to say that † walmart is acutally lowering the standards in China by slashing wages and imposing long madatory overtime shifts. a. to illustrate this problem according to an article by Jim Hightower calling for the boycott of Walmart, â€Å"although china's minimum wage is 31 cents an hour, the workers who work in factories making things for walmart average just 13 cents an hour, that's more than half the pay cut. b. these workers are literally sickened by their jobs where there is no health and safety enforcement. 1. workers have headaches and nausea from the paint and dust in the air, and the temp tops 100 degrees for workers in the factories during summer. lastly i want to mention how walmart pays its associates poverty level wages. III. Low level wages for employees A. In the US, the average full time walmart associate makes an annual wage of $14,000 which is considered below peverty level. B. At this level of income, most of walmart employees can't even afford to shop at walmart. C. Now that you know why walmart has such a negative impact on our society, i want to tell you what we must do to solve this problem. IV. Americans should not support walmart. A. Concerned Americans, like you and me, should flex our muscles and all together boycott walmart whenever possible. B. we should purchase items we need from other sources. C. If there is another business in town, especially a locally owned business, purchase what you need from that business. D. Lastly, i would like each of you to spread the word about the evil-empire of walmart. 1. Tell your neighbors, friends, and family members about walmart's negative impact on society and ask them to join you not to support walmart. 2. if we all work together, the American people can bring walmart to its knees, just as it has done to thousands of businesses. Conclusion Walmart is a predator of the worst kind, the kind that destroys lives and cities for money. Today i hope each of you now know why walmart is bad for America, and other countries as well, also why you should not support walmart. Next time you need some paper towels or a bag of chips, wont you please go to your neighborhood grocery store or another retailer to purchase those things? you wont miss the extra couple of cents you might save especially when you know the expense those few cents might cost someone else.

Assignment on Food & Beverage Operations Essay

Introduction As this is one of the most important sources to earn revenue so food and beverage operations have got great significance in hotel management and operations. Organisations in hospitality industry like hotel and resorts are paying maximum attention on food and beverage production and operations. Through this assignment several aspects associated with food and beverage department would be discussed from the view point of a food and beverage manager of a five star hotel in Manchester. After renovation food and beverage manager has been asked to review food and beverage functions of this department and along with this process food and beverage production and service system would be analysed. Proper budget and implementation of that budget would a huge challenge for the food and beverage manager of this hotel and costing and pricing would also be a challenging job after renovation. Purchasing decision would be discussed through this assignment and how those decisions could be taken for betterment of this hotel so that it can run with profitability. For this five star hotel food and beverage manager will have to manage banqueting functions and suitable menu would be essential how this menu could more effective and attractive would also be discussed through this assignment. Later on this report several issues associated with hospitality industry would be discussed such as security, health and safety and product quality and service standard. Task 1: Food and Beverage production and service systems In contemporary hospitality management there are several aspects are associated with food production and food and beverage service system. Now in this section these aspects are being discussed in follows: 1.1 Characteristics of food production and Food & Beverage service system: Demand for Food: Demand of food is not same all over the world there is seasonality of food demand. Customers might not like to eat same food again and again. Peak times of demand of food occur during breakfast, lunch and dinner time. Between these demand times there are valleys or slow times. Competitive events could also be an influential for demand of food and based on demand food production could be modified accordingly (Defranco et al 2007). Labour intensiveness of food production and service It is difficult to get service oriented hospitality people and this is the  reason why this industry is labour intensive. Employees need training and skills for both food preparation and service. Health and safety and food and hygiene certificate must be essential for the employees of this industry. Though employees need to have proper skills but in many occasions this industry needs unskilled employees and gradually they will be skilled. Perish ability of food Simultaneous production and consumption is one of the most important characteristics of food service and produced food must be kept within certain temperature. To protect food from bacteria food must be kept either below 5 degree Celsius or more than 65 degree temperature. Food must be handled properly before, during and after preparation. Changes of Menus Customers might not like same menu every time and menu should be changed on daily basis and production changes accordingly. In this context variation must be bought in food service and preparation then business would be more profitable. Figure: Food Preparation and service process (Miller, 2009) 1.2 Food and beverage service system Modern food and beverage service system could be categorised into several methods and both customers and service people are involved in the food and beverage system. Now in this section food and beverage service systems are being discussed from the view point of Dittmer, Paul R., and Gerald G. Griffin (2009): Table Service: This service includes plate service or silver service and customers are served at a laid table. Self service: Customers will be required to help themselves from a buffet or counter. Assisted service: According to this system customers are served part of the meal at a table and part is self service. Single point service: In this system customers order, pay receive food and beverage from the same point Specialised service: Through this system customers are served from the point where they are, this is also called tray service or room service or even room delivery. 1.3 Factors affecting recipes and Menu It has been discussed above that there are several food and beverage service systems and to serve customers according to these system this five star hotel must prepare menu and there are some factors must be considered while preparing menu and recipes. Now in this section these are being discussed in follows: Financial resources available: Financial condition of this hotel must be considered in this context and based on resources available menu should be prepared. Types of restaurant: This hotel has got four restaurants and according to the nature of the restaurant menus could be prepared. Guest spending power: Spending power of customers is one of the most influential factors to set menu and recipes. Food production cost: If production cost is high then profit then it would be useless to produce that food. Competitive environment: It must be given preferences to what competitors are doing and this hotel must keep competitors in account to prepare menu. Location of the restaurant: Location of the restaurant is another important aspect to prepare menu. Chefs’ skills: It must be given preference whether chefs are skilled to prepare specific menu and in this context skilled chefs should be recruited. Guest diet requirements: Some guest might ask for Halal or gluten free or dairy free meal and in this context customers’ diet requirement must be considered. 1.4 Compare the cost and staffing implication in Food and Beverage department Cost minimisation and employing right number of workforce are the crucial decision of food and beverage department for this hotel. Several types of cost are associated with food and beverage department, now in this section these aspects are being discussed according to the principles of Coltman et al (2000): Actual Cost: The actual cost is what a cost or expenses actually was, for instance the payroll records and check made out to employees will indicate the actual labour cost for payroll period. Budgeted Cost: When a cost is expected to be for a certain period of time is called budgeted cost. Controllable Cost: A cost which could be changed in the short period of time is called controllable cost. Non controllable Cost: Which cost cannot be changed in short period of time is called non controllable cost. Fixed Cost: Fixed cost is not changed according to product unit and these costs remain unchanged. Variable Cost: Variable cost could be changed according to the production unit and it increase if production is increased. Food and beverage department is sometimes depends on seasonality so staffing should  be strategic. To ensure proper operations this hotel should recruit full time, part time and casual employees. Right employees should be placed in right position. 1.5 Suitability of Systems of different food outlets There are four different food outlets are available in this hotel, what systems could be applied with each outlet being demonstrated in follows: Main Restaurant: Buffet service could be the best option to serve food from this restaurant as there would be more customers to eat food from this restaurant. Coffee Shop: Single point service would be used to serve food from this shop as there will be less staffs will be working to serve customers. Chinese Restaurant: There would be plenty alternatives for customers so again buffet service would be good for the customers as serf service would be helpful to reduce cost for this hotel. Fine Dining Restaurant: Tray service would be essential for this restaurant as customer will be given personal service. Task 2: Financial Control in Food and Beverage Operation Financial control and management would be very important aspect for this hotel as cost minimization would be given preference. Now in this section several aspects associated with financial control would be discussed: 2.1 Uses of financial statements in food and beverage department: Financial statements for this hotel could be used to understand key facts about the performance and disposition of this hotel and several decisions could be influenced by financial statements. This hotel just finished its renovation and long term decisions should be taken to improve profitability of this hotel. Now in this section needs and uses of financial statements are being discussed in follows: Financial statements could be very useful as a precise measurement of operation profit, hotel profitability and financial position could be revealed through the financial statement. After renovation how long will be taken to bring this hotel to profitability could be understood from financial statement. Current events of the hotel and production process could be monitored through the financial statement. Financial statements could also be helpful to take better decisions for the future. In decision making process financial statements could be very effective as decisions would be taken based on the financial position of the  Hotel. 2.2 Cost and Pricing process of the hotel Cost is defined as the expense to a hotel or restaurant for goods or services when the goods are consumed or the services are rendered. Food and beverage for this hotel are considered consumed then they have been used and costing would be very important to ensure profitability and hotel must ensure cost effectiveness while making decisions for the hotel especially for the food and beverage department. In costing process this formula could be used: Opening Inventory Value + Cost of Purchases – Closing Inventory Value = Usage Amount Usage Amount / Sales Revenue = Cost of Goods Sold (%)  Pricing decisions: based on situations different pricing decisions could be sued to ensure customer attraction and profitability for this hotel. There are some strategies are being discussed those could be used for this hotel: Cost Based Pricing: This method of pricing is often referred to as â€Å"’cost-plus† pricing. In its simplest form, cost-plus pricing involves hotel calculating average cost per unit and then allocating a specified mark-up, which may be related to rate of profit required by the company, to arrive at the selling price. Value Based Pricing: How much customers are willing to pay for the food this hotel is the main theme of this value based pricing. According to this strategy hotel cannot impose any price rather they can assess customers perception about the food standard and quality of this hotel. Customers feedback could be important in this aspect to set price. Competition based pricing: Competitors pricing strategy would be considered to set price according to this strategy. Service standard and product quality could also be considered in this aspect. 2.3 Steps of Purchasing Process: There are several steps are involved with purchasing process for this hotel, now in this section these steps are being discussed in follows: Figure: Purchasing Process (Chabon, 2007) Need recognition: This process begins with recognizing the need for specific product for this hotel. A problem or need can be solved by acquiring a specific product. General need description: This is description of the  general characteristics and quantity of the needed item. Emphasis here is on reliability, durability, price and other attributes desired in the item. Product specification: The item’s product specifications are analyzed and the purchasing team decides on the best product characteristics and specify them accordingly for the hotel. Supplier search: Who could be the best supplier for the food and beverage products this is carried out to find the best suppliers? Some suppliers may not be considered because they are not large enough to supply the needed quantity or because they have poor reputation. Proposal solicitation: This hotel will invite qualified suppliers to submit proposals. When the item is complex or expensive, the buyer will need detailed written proposals from each potential supplier. Supplier selection: Food and beverage department will review the proposals and select a supplier. They will consider competence of various suppliers, their ability to deliver the item on time and also deliver the necessary services. The following attributes have a strong influence on the relationship between the supplier and customer. Order routine specification: This involves preparing the final order with the chosen supplier, listing the technical specifications, quantity needed, expected time of delivery, e.t.c. Performance review: Here the hotel will review the performance of the supplier. The hotel may retain, modify, or drop the supplier in future hence the supplier should ensure that he is giving the expected satisfaction. Task 3: Menu for Hospitality Events In hospitality industry for a caterer compiling a menu is one of the most important jobs and several factors must be considered before any menu is prepared. In menu preparation what customers want should be given preference not what the caterer has got to serve. This is the situation where for a wedding reception a menu should be prepared and justification of choosing that menu. Assume this is the Pakistani wedding and guest would be Asian community. Menu must be prepared according to the choice of this community. Let’s look at the Menu first: Starters: Sheesh Kabab Chicken Roast Vegetable Samosa Main Dish Chicken Palok Beef Bhuna Nan/ Roti Brown Rice with meat Desert Gajrela Golap Jam with Ice cream Tea/ Coffee Aspects of Preparing this Menu Wedding Date: 15 September, 2014 Type of Customer: Pakistani, Indian and Asian Budget:  £13.95 Per person Diet Requirement: Halal Justification of Selection and Suitability of recipes for menu: There are several aspects are creating impact of choosing this menu, now in this section justification of using that menu is being discussed with suitability of recipes for menu: Customers Profile: Majority of the customers are Pakistani origin and while preparing menu Pakistani cuisine has been chosen. This menu has been widely preferred by Pakistani community. Customers Preference: While choosing this menu discussion with wedding reception has been conducted and according to their choice menu has been selected. Menu Choice: In this menu there would be three starters, two main dishes with rice and nun or roty and two dessert. With starter guests will get complimentary Salad and Chutney. Selection of menu with event schedule: Customers will be served during lunch time and before serving meal there would be an drinks reception and in total customers will be at the venue for 2 hours. Anticipate special needs: Customers has been asked whether there would be any special requirements such as food allergies, religious requirement and diet requirement. All meats will be halal according to the choice of customers. Comfortable room setup: Choose the appropriate room layout that supports event objectives. If as serving a meal, the tables will be filled with used dishes and glassware, in addition to binders, notepads and pens. That’s why it’s important to choose the best room setup, and allow space for people to move. Task 4: Provide Food and Beverage services for  hospitality events: Several aspects are associated with hospitality events now in this part of this report those aspects are being discussed in follows: 4.1 Food and Beverage service plan for a wedding reception: Number of Guest: 350 Budget:  £5000.00 This wedding reception for this number of people within this budget could be implemented through the following procedure: Service Name Estimated cost Remarks Cutlery & Crockery  £1.50*350 =  £525 According to Brand Standard Table Linen  £4.00*35 = 140 According to Brand Standard Chair Cover  £1.50*350 =  £525 According to Brand Standard Cloth Napkins  £175 According to Brand Standard Stage Decoration  £450 According to Brand Standard Red carpet Walkway  £270 According to Brand Standard Table Display  £210 According to Brand Standard Waiter/ Waitress  £580 According to Brand Standard Washing area  £135 According to Brand Standard Food Cost  £1500 According to Brand Standard Food Preparation Cost  £300 According to Brand Standard Total  £4810 According to Brand Standard 4.2 Steps involved with service Plan: There are several steps are associated with recommended service plan, now in this section these plans are being discussed in follows: Step 1: Book appointing of the customer Step 2: Book the Event and take deposit Step 3: Finalise stage, walkway and decoration Step 3: Ensure service people, security and entertainment Step 4: Serve People according to the Function sheet ensure quality, health and safety and security of the customers. Step 5: Get feedback from the customers. 4.3 Evaluate service and Recommendations: Communication with customers would be essential to provide excellent service and inter and intra departmental communication would be very essential in this context. Customers’ feedback would be helpful to improve service standard and quality. Cost minimisation would be essential to maximise profit margin and in this context this food and beverage department would be involve to improve service standard. To arrange such kind of events what competitors are doing and how they are service would be very essential to improve service standard. Innovative ideas should be implemented in this context. Specific demand of customers would be essential. Conclusion In food and beverage operations two things must be coherent one is food and another one is service, these two things are inextricably interrelated.  During serving food quality and quantity must be ensured. Food production and preparation must be ensured with standard. Health and safety must be ensured according to HACCAP principles. During menu preparation customers choices must be given preference. Several aspects have been discussed through this report and proper standard must be ensured throughout the process. To increase profitability of the hotel service people should give emphasize on up selling and customers attraction and satisfaction. There should not be any gap between customers’ expectations and delivered service and food. References Defranco, Agnes L., and Pender B. M. Noriega (2007) â€Å"Cost control in hospitality industry† McGraw Hill: Mason Miller, Jack E., and David V. Pavesic (2007). Menu Pricing & Strategy. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Dittmer, Paul R., and Gerald G. Griffin (2009). Principles of Food, Beverage, and LaborCost Controls for Hotels and Restaurants. 6th ed. New York: John Wiley &Sons, Coltman, Michael M., and Martin G. Jagels. (2000) Hospitality Management Accounting. 7th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Chaban, Joel. (2007) Practical Foodservice Spreadsheets With Lotus 1-2-3. New York: John Wiley & Sons,

Identified

The Struggle life of a Mexican-American In today's society, racial profiling is not unheard of, actually it is quite common. It is still at debate whether the act of racial profiling in moral or not. In the essay â€Å"Exile. El Paso, Texas†, Saenz describes his personal experience of discrimination due to his ethnic background. Saenz is a Mexican-American and because he lives in El Paso, which is a border town, he is often mistaken for an illegal immigrant by other Americans. Throughout the essay, Saenz’s feeling about his identity as an American had changed.He feels like he is always being judged by Americans sorely on his appearances. Towards the beginning of his essay, Saenz feels like he belonged to America and he had a positive view about everything around him, special is the nature throughout his desk view. Saenz says, â€Å"I looked out my window and stared at the Juarez Mountains. Mexican purples – burning. † (p. 20). We can see that Saenz is enjo ying his desk view. He goes further in describing how he feels, â€Å"All this color, all this color, all this color beneath the shadow of the Juarez Mountains.Sunset Heights: a perfect place with a perfect name, and a perfect view of the river. † (p. 20). These colors, especially the purple, represent the beauty of El Paso for him. At this point, it is easy for Saenz to find the beauty of El Paso. But later, Saenz's feeling had changed because Saenz is stopped on the streets of his neighborhood and questioned by the border patrol officers. When she first saw him, she suspected that Saenz was not American. She asked him where he came from and later she repeated the question in Spanish because the thought Saenz could not understand English.Even thought Saenz said he was a U. S citizen, she still kept her suspicious about his identify and kept asking him some questions to make sure. Despite the rude questioning of the female border patrol officer, Saenz tried to stay friendly a nd appeasing. Afterwards, Saenz regreted the way he handled the situation saying, â€Å"I was embarrassed, ashamed because I'd been so damned compliant like a piece of tin foil in the uniformed woman's hand. † (p. 22). At the same time Saenz becomes annoyed and says to himself, â€Å"pretty soon I'll have to carry a passport in my own neighborhood. â€Å"( p. 22).Because he thinks when people stops him and starts to ask him the same questions, he would show them the passport to confirm that he is American then they cannot be mean to him. Besides, Saenz was affected by the questions of the border patrol officer and the attitudes, so he tried to do anything to get these questions out of his mind. As the result, he went for a run, he kept running until he could no longer hear â€Å" Are you sure you were born in Las Cruces? †. The next encounter, the border patrol officers still had doubt about him and they asked him some question such as: â€Å"Do you live in this nei ghborhood? , â€Å"Where down the street? † (p. 23). But in this encounter, he became more confident for his answers and with each pursuing officer Saenz becomes more aggressive. He replied they:† are you planning on making a social visit? â€Å"(p. 23). Couple months later, he was stopped again and be asked by the similar questions:† where are you from? † (p. 24). Saenz was so upset and he asked them to leave him alone. In another day, when he was in Juarez with his friend, Michael, the custom officer asked them to declare their citizenship.After they answered that they was U. S citizens, the officer kept asking Saenz about where he was born in America and did not ask Michael. In this situation, Saenz noticed that his friend did not be asked about the identity because he had blue eyes, white skin which makes him look like an American. Thus, Saenz feels like he was being discriminated against because his appearance. Saenz's total shift is completed in his f inal confrontation of the essay. In this run in with the border patrol Saenz's defiance is most blatant.Saenz is pushed past his threshold and snaps, saying to the officer, â€Å"Read me my rights, throw me in the can, or leave me alone. â€Å"(p. 26) The reader is able to view Saenz's change in attitude. Saenz feeling of annoyance turns to pure hatred. Saenz states, â€Å"He hated me as much as I hated him. â€Å"(p. 26). We can see the feeling of Saenz had changed from the beginning through the end of the essay. When the first meet up with the female border patrol officer, he did not get upset about what she acted to him and her rude questions.Nevertheless, his feeling had changed day by day because of the behavior of the officers that makes him feel like he is separated from his neighborhood. Saenz’s lifestyle has been an ongoing struggle for him because of all the harassments and discrimination he encountered in El Paso. He realized that people judged him sorely based on his appearance and treats him different than his other American friends just because he doesn’t look like an ideal American. Throughout the essay he becomes less and less aware of his identity and who he really is.

Single Parenthood: Literature Review

Single Parenthood: Literature Review2 This paper will look at the different research that has already been conducted on single parenthood. Possible research topics could be how single-parent families differ in their structure or financially, in contrast to households with two parents. Articles may also discuss the impact of single parent households on children, in terms of psychological impact, academic results, social and financial standings using statistics found in their research. By looking at articles done through American and Canadian research, it can be determined what research is missing, what the articles lack and possible suggestions to improve the substance of the materials listed. Economic Viewpoint In each article , different points were made about the financial hardships that children from single-parent households may experience and how it was much more likely they would experience them in comparison to children raised in a household with two parents. Lisa Calderwood, from London University’s Institute of Education, says, â€Å"Living apart from natural fathers can be associated with poverty and negative outcomes for children. †(Calderwood, 2010). Though not all single-parents are mothers, but Tim Casey, a senior staff attorney at Legal Momentum,( the U. S. ’ oldest organization advocating on behalf of the legal rights of women and girls. )â€Å"Employment isn’t keeping U. S. ingle parents — more than 80 percent of whom are single mothers — out of poverty. † (Casey, 2012). Here it states that not only are the majority of single parents single mothers, but that the income provided to these mothers is generally still not enough to keep them above the poverty line even though, â€Å"single mothers in the U. S. are employed more hours and yet have much higher poverty rates than their peers in other high-income countries. †(Casey, 2012). Single Parenthood: Literature Review 3 Paul Amato, a Professor of Sociology and Demography at The Pennsylvania State University, makes a good point saying due to lack of funds, â€Å"It is difficult for poor single parents to afford the books, home computers, and private lessons that make it easier for their children to succeed in school. †(Amato, 2005). This is a direct linkage with the academic success of children from single-parent families, which will be discussed later in the essay. Amato makes several good points, also saying, â€Å"they cannot afford clothes, shoes, cell phones, and other consumer goods that give their children status among their peers. (2005) Again this is in direct correlation with self-esteem issues that are more common in children raised by single parents. â€Å"Consistent with these observations, many studies have shown that economic resources explain some of the differences in well-being between children with single parents and those with continuously married parents. †(Amato, 2005). Amato makes the observation that many differences between children raised in single-parent households versus children raised with both parents can be explained by the financial difference brought on by a single income. An article stating that â€Å"Children raised by single mothers are twice as likely to misbehave as those born into traditional two-parent families† , (Paton, 2010), also says that â€Å"studies have found children raised by lone mothers are likely to have less economic security†(Calderwood, 2010)which the article implies influences the behaviour of the child raised in said type of household here: â€Å"parental qualifications and household income had a major effect on children’s behaviour at a young age, which could have â€Å"damaging long-term consequences. After looking at the findings from the different sources, it can be said that it is a fact that single-parent households are worse off financially than households with both parents. This is not only for the parents taking care of their children, but for the academic and social development of the children as stated by Amato (2005). Single Parenthood: Literature Review4 Academic Viewpoint Academically, the studies provide information which states that children from single-parent families do worse academically than those raised by both parents. They are twice as likely to drop out of high school, 2. 5 times as likely to become teen mothers, and 1. 4 times as likely to be idle. † (McLanahan , 2001). Here, Sara McLanahan states that studies have shown that children raised by single parents are more likely to drop out of high school, more likely to become teen parents and more likely to be out of school and without a job. As mentioned earlier by Paul Amato (2005), children raised by single parents cannot afford many things that could greatly benefit them in school such as â€Å"books, home computers, and private lessons. † (Amato, 2005). Paul Amato also states â€Å"In a meta-analysis of sixty-three studies of non-resident fathers and their children, Joan Gilbreth and I found that children had higher academic achievement when non-resident fathers were closely involved in their lives. † (Gilbreth & Amato, 2005). In her article, Sara McLanahan says that family disruption is not the same in all families and risk of failure in school varies among different American nationalities: â€Å"Family disruption increases the risk of school failure by 24 percentage points among Hispanics, 17 percentage points among whites, and 13 percentage points among blacks. (McLanahan, 2001). This is a pattern that is also consistent when it comes to dropping out. â€Å"Behavioural problems were less likely among children living in families with higher levels of parental qualifications. † (Calderwood, 2010) Here, Lisa Calderwood discusses behavioural problems among children raised in single-parent families, especially when it c omes to academics and found that these types of issues were more frequent in children raised by a lone parent. Single Parenthood: Literature Review5 In a chart from the National Study of Adolescent Health (1995), statistics can still show how there is a visible difference in the patterns of children raised by a lone parent, versus children raised by two. Nineteen percent of children raised by two parents had repeated a grade, compared to 30 percent of those raised by a single parent had repeated a grade, (1995). The chart shows this, as well as other categories such as, violence, delinquency, suspended, attended therapy, had smoked in the past month, attempted suicide and had thoughts of suicide. In each of the categories, the percentage of children who had done these things from a single parent household, was consistently higher than the percentages of those raised by both parents. (National Study of Adolescent Health , 1995). Emotional Nina Parry-Langdon , the author of a report done by the Department for Health and The Scottish Government, finds that â€Å"Children from broken homes are almost five times more likely to develop emotional problems than those living with both parents. †(Parry-Langdon, 2008). She specifies further to say that, â€Å"Children and young people in households of ‘reconstituted' families, particularly where there were step-children, were more likely to develop conduct disorder as were those in families which had two parents at Time 1 and one parent at Time 2. † (2008). It is important to realize that not all children that are raised by single parents, have never been raised by two parents. Here Nina points out that distress in children raised in blended families, is similar to that of children who have been through a parent’s divorce. After interviewing 5,364 children aged between five and 16 in 2004 and again last year, the researchers found that 3 per cent had developed problems over that time. †(Parry-Langdon, 2008). Again, this article makes a point to mention how quickly being Single Parenthood: Literature Review6 raised in a single-parent family can take its toll, in this case, in as little as three years’ time before con duction their second round of interviewing. From Paul Amato’s article, he states that â€Å"Interviews with children reveal that losing contact with fathers is one of the most painful outcomes of divorce. † (Amato, 2005). This shows that children are obviously impacted by the loss of contact, which can be compared to grief. Also in his article, Amato says that children from single-parent households have more exposure to stress, through many circumstances such as dealing with the financial burden, the inter-parental conflicts and in many cases having to move homes after the separation of parents. (2005) Tying in directly with stress Amato reveals, â€Å"[a study] based on a large sample of twins, found that growing up in a single-parent family predicted depression in adulthood even with genetic resemblance controlled statistically. †(Amato, 2005). This can partly be credited due to the high exposure to stress, stated above. He concludes by saying, â€Å"evidence strongly suggests that growing up without two biological parents in the home increases children's risk of a variety of cognitive, emotional, and social problems. † (Amato, 2005). In conclusion, after viewing these articles, there is much evidence to support the thesis that children from single parent households suffer in comparison to households in which both parents reside with their children. Further topics that should be considered are geographical patterns, as it seemed most of the research was focused at the United States. Another suggestion for the articles would be to gather more personal information from children of single-parent households, rather than cold statistics. The statistics make it easy to dismiss the reason behind the negative results, as opposed to hearing from children who are being raised by single parents to hear how they feel and why they feel they are suffering in certain aspects. Single Parenthood: Literature Review8 The articles did a good job at looking at the different categories including, financial, academic, and emotional issues that stem from single parenting. Out of the articles, Paul Amato (2005) and Sara McLanahan ( 2001). Research available from reputable sources on the topic of single parenthood is limited and its importance as an issue in North American society is diminished as ‘normal’, despite its serious impact shown in said articles. Work Cited Kaufmann, G. (2012, 12). This Week in Poverty: U. S. Single Mothers- ‘The Worst Off'. Moyers ; Company. Retrieved 04, 2013, from http://billmoyers. com/2012/12/24/this-week-in-poverty-us-single-mothers-%E2%80%94-%E2%80%98the-worst-off%E2%80%99/ Amato, P. (2005, 11). The Impact of Family Formation Change on the Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Well-Being of the Next Generation. The Future of Children. Retrieved 04, 2013, from http://futureofchildren. org/publications/journals/article/index. xml? journalid=37 McLanahan, S. (2001, 12). The Consequences of Single Motherhood. The American Prospect. Retrieved 04, 2013, from http://prospect. org/article/consequences-single-motherhoodleid=107 §ionid=690 Paton, G. (2010, 04). Children in Single-Parent Families ‘Worst Behaved'. The Telegraph. Retrieved 10, 2013, from